Solidarity Forever

June 28, 2018

Yesterday we took a walking tour offered by the tourist bureau.  There are two, and we chose the Solidarity tour, which covers the period starting in 1945.  She made no comments about the present disturbing situation in Poland, although it was clear she is not a supporter of the current authoritarians in power.

Gdansk is the home of Solidarity, the first non-governmental trade union in the former Soviet bloc.  It became a political movement, reaching a peak of over 9 million members.  Today there remain some 400,000.  It’s full name is Independent Self-governing Labor Union. 

In its effort to crush Solidarity, the government imposed martial law in 1981, imprisoning thousands including Lech Walesa.  This brought financial support from Pope John Paul 2nd, from Krakow, and the US government and the AFL- CIO.  The list of demands made in 1978 was precipitated by female dock workers, our guide recounted, who pressed for additional concessions from the government beyond allowing the formation of a non-government union, including the elimination of censorship.  On the 31st of August 1980, the government agreed to the demands and Solidarity was formed from over twenty labor committees.  

Solidarity’s list of demands
Pieces of Berlin wall

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Another demand was a monument to victims of Communist suppression, the first such in a Communist country.   Thirty people died when a 1970 protest was met with machine gun fire

A combination of bad working conditions, massive increases in food prices, shortages and other economic failures led to workers’ decision to take on the Communist government.  The government was backed by the Soviet Union, massively residing on its border, with post war repressions in the Czech Republic and Hungary vividly recalled.  The Soviet Union took 45% of Polish territory following the Yalta conference, a fact which must have been still fresh in the minds of organizers.  That territory remains part of Russia.

The movement was closely tied to Roman Catholic social policies promoting the common good.  Jean Paul II’s photos remains on the entrance to the Solidarity Museum and the shipyard, next to the list of demands.  

The Monument to the fallen Shipyard Workers, 1970 killings

Our guide lived through many years of repression.  I think she said that her family came from the eastern side of Poland that is now part of Russia.  Along with hundreds of thousands, they left when the Russians took control.  The Russian soldiers treated the Poles and particularly Polish women as they did Germans in the immediate post war period.  Brutality and rape were common, thus contributing to this exodus. 

She recalls rationing for just about everything — meat, potatoes, shoes to give just a few examples.  Her shoes were wearing out during that period.  The two stood in line for shoes, after which they could examine the offerings.  There were always just two styles.  Often the shoes came with not two but three shoes in the box.  Sometimes the shoe sizes did not match.  People stood outdoors and traded with others whose sizes were also mismatched.

The government controlled all the sources of information.  When the government did not like what was happening and it suited their purposes it would not mention the incident or give a false version.  

Our guide on the walking tour.  She went to art school and is a sculptor 

The museum recounts the events that led to the expansion of the union to about 9 million, the attempts to counter its impact and the eventual downfall of the Polish government.  

The relationship between the union and the Church greatly facilitated union efforts.  In  Sollicitudo rei socialis, Pope John Paul II preached solidarity with the poor and marginalized.   Wałęsa was publicly Catholic piety, said, “The Holy Father, through his meetings, demonstrated how numerous we were. He told us not to be afraid.”  This sounds like natural reasoning and not an account of divine intervention, but be that as it may, the movement was successful in large measure.

The priest Jerzy Popiełuszko was very active with the union, celebrated masses during strikes.  The Communist regime is blamed for his murder.

G’day from Gdansk, 2018 version

Port area in old town Gdansk

 

G’day from Gdansk, on the Baltic Sea in northern Poland.  From here Lech Wałęsa led the dock workers union Solidarity on strikes and other actions that set in motion the downfall of the Soviet Union. It has been important in other eras, such as the 1700’s, when it too, like Krakow, was a member of the Hanseatic League — take a walk though the port area and you will think you are in Holland, with all the Dutch Golden Age architecture arising during that period.

 

Gdansk old town, Golden Age architecture

 

 

 

 

 

 

We traveled via train from Lublin, the first leg on a 1970’s vintage Intercity, a little worn but  clean, and with new seat fabrics.  The compartments were sparsely populated for the 0800 run.  We changed in Warsaw three hours later, averaging just 60 km/35mph for this part of the journey.  The next leg was on a sleek modernity which averaged 100km/60 mph, not the 250km/h you can get in France and Spain, but smooth as well as lovely in all respects.  

We spoke with the woman sitting with us.  She was no more than 40, and spoke English very well.  How is it that so many people speak English so well in Poland, Peg asked?  She said everyone is taught.  She was the first generation to switch from Russian to English, starting class at age 14.  The first year was difficult for her but once she got the basics she could begin to talk,  helping her learn with relative ease.  English grammar, she said, is a lot easier than the Polish, although spelling is more difficult.  In Polish the marks on letters tell you which sound the letter makes, something which would of great benefit in English.  Nowadays children start learning English in kindergarten, using the immersion method—  the English teacher speaks only in English.  This is producing excellent results, judging by the amount of English we encounter.

This is our second time in Poland.  The first came in July of 1998.  You can check it out at Poland 1998.  Our impression of Poland is Poles apart (sorry about that pun!) from our current.  Cars abound along with the traffic jams,  instead of much more crowded public transport from the Communist era.  Restaurants were fewer and lower in quality and there were few foreign, which now abound, especially Italian.  The people then seemed more glum, and there were far fewer tourists, both conditions which no longer apply.  No one spoke English, but today English effective language instruction is universal.  While not everyone speaks English, the ones who get practice speak and understand tourist level English very well, and in some cases their skills go far beyond.  Buildings are clean, new construction is common, while public areas are spic and span still.   

There is a lot to see here, and we’ll be here for a few weeks.  More posts on the way.  Here are additional photos from our walk downtown yesterday   https://photos.app.goo.gl/pzNEQNUK8ZkR1ckZ9

Pen and ink drawings from Lublin

There’s an open air museum just outside Lublin containing houses, churches, barns and some bee hive structures unlike any I’ve ever seen before.  Here are some pen and ink drawings from that visit.  The setting is bucolic, with sloping meadows, wooden buildings on hilltops, a lake, a stream.  You have a good view into the  rural life style of area residents between 1800 and 1930.   Some drawings and a water color from the museum:

 

Church at the Open Air Museum, Lublin
Bee Hives at the Open Air Museum, Lublin
House at the Open Air Museum, Lublin

 

Field and Stream, water color, 20 cm x 20 cm, 8″ x *” on Arches

 

 

Wawel Castle in Krakow- nearly 1000 years in the making

Wawel Castle
Wawel Castle

June 15, 2018

We climbed Wawel Hill today,  as people have been doing for the last 50,000 years.  Only since circa 1000, however,  has this climb served to gain the entrance to the castle.  Now it’s a museum (1931), sitting in a complex of structures including the Royal Cathedral, atop the modest hill overlooking the Vistula River.

In the 9th century the castle was in its first iteration, a forticiation (castrum) built by the Vislanes. The remains of the castrum are in the northern wing of the present-day Castle.  Subsequently the Piast dynasty (965-1034) chose Wawel Hill as a residence.  Early in the 11th c.  King Bolesław I built the castle that is the forebear of today’s structures.  
 
Kazimierz III Wielki (Casimir III the Great, 1330-70) transformed it into a fortified Gothic castle.  After its destruction from fire 1499 Zygmunt I Stary (Sigismund I the Old; 1506–48) ordered a  new building in the Renaissance style, with an impressive large courtyard with arcaded galleries,  completed 30 years later,  thus creating the basis for what we have today.
 
Poland lost its independence in 1795, the castle coming under Austrian control.  The Austrians converted some portions of the site to military hospital use, and some destroyed buildings.  Eventually  the castle because a residence of Emperor Franz Josef I, and occupied by the Austrians until 1911.
 
Wawel Cathedral
Wawel Royal Cathedral
Krakow Castle, watercolor, 20x20cm, 8×8″ $150
 
The Nazi governor resided in the castle, but not before securing some of the treasures and in some cases moved to Canada. 
 

Today there are ten collections, including important Italian Renaissance paintings, prints, sculptures and textiles, including the Sigismund II Augustus tapestry collection, gold, Oriental art including Ottoman tents, armor, ceramics, Meissen porcelain,  as well as period furniture. There are specialized conservation studios, making it a significant restoration center.

 

Loving Vincent – Pictures of his life

Van Gogh As Young Man, pencil

“Loving Vincent” is a flick about Vincent Van Gogh made entirely of paintings done in his thick paint, swirly, expressive style.  There are 65,000 paintings in all, each done on glass plates.  The plates were first placed before the filmed of the costumed cast members, reducing drawing time dramatically, and making it possible to make this movie with just 125 and not, say, the 10,000 artists it would have taken to cover an area the size of London or Manhattan if each plate were laid out in the original size.  All this adds up to an unusual experience and a total immersion in the visual world of the artist.  But there’s more.

The film could have suffered significantly from the flaw that plagues musicals, whose stories often serve as an excuse for the next number.  Loving Vincent’s story line, however, is not so thin.  Its basis is writing that challenges the initial contention that Van Gogh committed suicide. 

The movie opens with the postman possessing a returned letter addressed to Vincent’s brother Theo.  He recruits his son Armand to hand deliver the letter.  Armand soon finds that Theo is dead, so he looks for an alternative.  The film is a series of interviews of the people who knew Vincent, all portrait subjects, interviews that further what turns into an investigation of the death of the artist.  As things unfold we are provided a picture of the life of Vincent as well as his death, some interviewees corroborating the suicide theory, while others leave us doubting that verdict.

Several issues emerge that lead us to question the suicide conclusion.  Having pulled that trigger you would have left black powder marks on your clothes and hands, and the accounts show conflicts in that regard.  Also we are told of the persistent ridicule and bullying by town youths, any one of which could have had motive, perhaps even the one who later confessed to mistreating Vincent in his youth.  Then there is Vincent’s state of mind.  “Loving Vincent” is what Van Gogh wrote in each of his letters to his brother Theo, with whom he had a close relationship.  Thus Vincent was not entirely alone and unloved by family, and he was close to some of the interviewees as well.  

There are several other observations of interest.  First, Vincent wrote, “I want to touch people with my art.  I want them to say:  he feels deeply, he feels tenderly.”   Are those the sentiments of someone who would end his own life?  Perhaps but perhaps not.  Second, Vincent’s lack of commercial success could certainly contribute to his perception of self-worth.  However Monet, the most famous of painters,  had recently highly praised Vincent’s art, and Vincent sold a painting, his first.  Third there is the odd location and angle of the lethal wound.  People who attempt suicide with a gun usually go for the head not the stomach.  None of these observations are conclusive of course, but there is certainly enough to cloud the official verdict, and to give substance to what would otherwise be an art slide show with an excuse for a story.

The colored images flicker in a way that other animations I have seen do not, adding an element of visual intrigue to that surrounding conflicting images of Vincent’s life and death.  They also add an element of brain fatigue.  Fortunately the flash backs in black and white give much-needed rest for the eyes. 

This is a unique film about a unique man making unique art.  Check it out – and stay through the credits.  You’ll be treated to Lianne La Havas’s deep toned charming rendition of Starry Starry Night.  

Rotten Tomatoes reviews      Robert Kodger review  Tim Brayton review  Vanity Fair: The Van Gogh Mystery

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A friend and I went to Auvers-sur-Oise, which is not too far from Paris.  It is here that Vincent Van Gogh lived his last months.  While he lived in this town Van Gogh did a painting of the church,  now one of his more famous paintings among the 800 he squeezed into his short life.   Here is my rendition, in memory of this man who contributed so much to art and who received so little in return. 

 

Church at Avers sur Oise: Ode to Vincent, waatercolor, 11.5 x 16.5", 30 x 42 cm
Church at Avers sur Oise: Ode to Vincent, watercolor, 11.5 x 16.5″, 30 x 42 cm, $450

Church at Avers sur Oise, graphite
Church at Avers sur Oise
Church at Avers Sur Oise, water color

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The first of the following drawings I did at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, which displayed a photo of a young Van Gogh.  This and other early photos are a stark contrast to the gaunt and haunted look of Vincent’s later self portraits, which are widely seen.  Here is a more rare glimpse of the man.  

Van Gogh As Young Man, pencil
Van Gogh As Young Man, pencil

 

Van Gogh As Young Man, pen and ink
Van Gogh As Young Man, pen and ink

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Portrait of Peasant, after the Van Gogh, pen and ink
Portrait of Peasant, after the Van Gogh, pen and ink

 

 

In case you need a touching moment, here’s Lianne’s rendition of Starry Starry Night.  Don Mclean gave light to this song that will live as one of the most touching eulogies of all time, whose disturbed mind gave us so much beauty, so much innovation.